Fatherneed: Why Father Care
is as Essential as Mother Care for Your Child
By Kyle Pruette, M.D.
Kyle Pruett, a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at
Yale Medical School, appears to be the New Haven university's answer
to Harvard's William Pollack, author of Real Boys and Real Boys'
Voices. Both are excellent writers whose books are accessible,
predominantly aligned with Everyman's politics (though Pruett seems
less fearful of feminist backlash than Pollack), and handsomely
produced by major publishers.
Pollack concerns himself with how boys' voices are
not being heard and their joyful rambunctiousness is being
squelched. Pruett paints on a broader canvas, both in his book and
in his research, in which he undertook the first study of the effect
on kids' development of having a father as primary caretaker.
Fatherneed succinctly, deftly surveys the entire landscape of modern
day fatherhood and yet comes up with enough original insights and
uncovers enough fresh facts to keep even the most battle-weary
gender war veteran enthralled.
Something is missing, Pruett notes, from many
books on fatherhood. They include fathers in the introduction and
index and here and there throughout the book but somehow never quite
manage to grasp the essence of healthy masculine parenting. Pruett,
by contrast, does this very, very well. His language delightfully
exemplifies his message, direct and masculine (while not
female-unfriendly). At one points he usefully reminds the reader not
to expect to love every minute of fatherhood, since "this is
business."
Fathers are not even mentioned, Pruett tells us,
in half the research on the relationship between family and child
development, but when we bother to look for the father's impact, we
find it. In spades. Mothers have an important part to play because
their welcoming of his participation makes a huge difference in his
effectiveness as a father. Intriguingly, fathers come equipped,
despite adverse socialization, to respond to infants' needs as
effectively and rapidly as mothers do. Children respond as well
(though differently) to fathers as to mothers.
Pruett is particularly good in discussing fathers'
developmental importance. Dads are not-Mom, and help the child to
separate from the mother when the time comes for that major step.
Fathers are also not mothers, and Pruett provides a useful summary
of the benefits of the contrasts between the safety and nurturing of
mother care and the challenges and stimulation provided to the child
by father care. Dads support kids' novelty-seeking behavior, and
help children learn to master frustration. Pruett reminds us not to
forget that as the kids grow, "This is increasingly your child's
world."
Good fathering also improves children's
interactions with siblings. Father's presence helps a child to learn
to form relationships with both sexes. Fathers like to stretch their
kids' communication skills in preparation for worldly dialog. I
learned that it is the closeness the child feels to Dad that is most
predictably associated with positive outcomes. Even an uninvolved
Dad, if present, is significantly better than no father. So
gatekeepers, whether they be the mothers or in many cases the dads
themselves, should stand aside and welcome fathers into their
children's lives.
Pruett tells a few nice stories, such as the
cellist who played Bach and Celtic gigs for his baby while still in
the womb, and discovered to his delight that the baby remembered the
music upon emerging into the world.
The author also supplies some checklists of
advice, and they are truly extraordinary in their crystallization of
supremely helpful fathering advice. For each developmental stage, he
counsels dads on four axes: preparing your skills, calendar,
emotions, and marriage. Later he distills to a few choice sentences
a world of wisdom about post-divorce behavior with kids, and again,
about adoption and once more, to single mothers on how to involve
men with their children.
Pruett provides a bunch of stereotype-busting
information that I hadn't heard before. Single African-American dads
actually stick around MORE than others. Their absence from the home
often does not imply less paternal contact. Puerto Rican dads don't
fit the concept of distancing, traditional authoritarianism. Despite
the fact that institutions like schools, hospitals, clinics, social
service agencies hinder their efforts to stay in touch with their
kids, most teen dads see their children at least every other day.
The flaws are few and far between. The section on
special needs kids was too short to deal adequately with the topic
and should have been omitted or expanded. I wanted to see some
mention of how a father can learn to deal with shame or
disappointment in himself and the disabled child. And surprisingly,
I found a bit left to be desired in the final section, in which
Pruett says he is going to let the kids talk but can't seem to find
enough children's voices to fill out the chapter.
If you know a man who is hoping to become a father
or is already one but may be missing something, a man who might
esteem plain talk from a no-nonsense, salt-of-the-earth type writer,
this is the book for him. And ultimately, it is a book for the rest
of us, too. Perhaps it is appropriate to end this review with the
words of Pruett's most eloquent child commentator: "Mommy, what did
you do with my daddy? You KNOW I need a daddy or I can't BE a
child."
©2002 J. Steven Svoboda
